ArticleBMC genomics2026
Sex- and age-dependent physiological adaptation of captive père david's deer revealed by multi-omics analysis.
Article in BMC genomics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundUnderstanding how age and sex influence molecular and physiological changes is essential for studying endangered species, particularly Père David's deer, which is extinct in the wild. In this study, multi-omics analyses were performed to investigate transcriptomic, metabolomic, and proteomic dynamics in male and female Père David's deer across different developmental stages under captive conditions.
resultsThe results revealed sex- and stage-specific molecular trajectories, with males showing enhanced ion metabolism during early life and females exhibiting increased lipid metabolism during the subadult stage. A substantial proportion of differentially abundant metabolites and differentially expressed proteins were associated with immune and inflammatory processes. Transcriptome-based age estimation indicated that individuals at the Fawn stage exhibited younger transcriptomic profiles, and enrichment analysis of highly weighted genes highlighted immune-related pathways. In addition, transcriptomic deconvolution analysis revealed coordinated alterations in innate and adaptive immune cell populations during development.
conclusionsThese findings provide a comprehensive multi-omics characterization of molecular and immune dynamics in captive Père David's deer and improve understanding of developmental and sex-associated biological variation in this endangered species.
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