High-resolution spatial transcriptomics of adult and pediatric human liver with Visium HD.

The liver is composed of diverse cell populations that coordinate essential metabolic and immune functions. Single-cell transcriptomics has advanced characterization of liver cellular composition, but dissociation of tissue to single-cells can introduce biases through the enrichment or depletion of cell types. Spatial transcriptomics is a complementary approach to avoid inherent bias for cell populations and to add important spatial context. The Visium HD spatial transcriptomics technology from 10X Genomics enables high-resolution spatial mapping of gene expression in tissue samples with a bin width of 2 µm enabling quantification of transcripts at a sub-cellular resolution. We applied Visium HD to three healthy human liver donor samples, from two adult and one pediatric donor. We identified cell types by clustering 8 µm bins and integration with single-cell reference maps. Differential expression analyses identified spatially distinct gene expression resulting in development of a high-resolution map of the liver. This resource provides cell-level and spatially-resolved insights into the cellular and anatomical heterogeneity of the liver to serve as a resource for researchers to identify disease-specific spatial signatures and novel therapeutic targets.