Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42341135›Full record

ArticleScience advances2026

A battery-free wireless intelligent aligner for spatially resolved, closed-loop theranostics of chronic oral diseases.

Wei Zhang, Wenbo Hu, Chunyan Li, Kun Wang, Fangyu Shi, Fengyuan Liu, Lin Wang, Lin Xu

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Wei ZhangDepartment of Prosthodontics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral and Craniofacial Diseases and Tissue Reconstruction, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.ORCID 0009-0008-1719-2287
Wenbo HuState Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
Chunyan LiDepartment of Prosthodontics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral and Craniofacial Diseases and Tissue Reconstruction, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.ORCID 0000-0002-5778-4235
Kun WangDepartment of Prosthodontics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral and Craniofacial Diseases and Tissue Reconstruction, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
Fangyu ShiDepartment of Prosthodontics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral and Craniofacial Diseases and Tissue Reconstruction, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
Fengyuan LiuDepartment of Prosthodontics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral and Craniofacial Diseases and Tissue Reconstruction, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
Lin WangDepartment of Prosthodontics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral and Craniofacial Diseases and Tissue Reconstruction, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.ORCID 0000-0002-5696-1076
Lin XuState Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.ORCID 0000-0001-5831-430X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Intelligent wearable theranostic systems are advancing personalized health care by enabling continuous monitoring and proactive therapy. However, managing chronic oral diseases such as caries and periodontitis is challenging due to the oral cavity's complex, spatially heterogeneous microenvironments and limited space for powered intraoral electronics. To address this, we developed a wireless, battery-free, and wearable intelligent therapeutic aligner (WiB-ITA) that integrates a butterfly-inspired dual-sided flexible integrated theranostic electrode array (iTEA) to simultaneously monitor compartment-matched pH and nitrite and electrochemically gate on-demand antimicrobial release. The system is powered and commanded via a relay-assisted near-field communication (NFC)-Bluetooth low energy (BLE) dual-hop link, enabling stable battery-free operation across tooth positions and full-arch usability. Validated from in vitro to preliminary human studies, WiB-ITA establishes a scalable, compartment-matched intraoral closed-loop theranostic framework. This integrated theranostic platform represents a breakthrough in personalized oral health care and provides a paradigm for managing other chronic conditions.

Indexed as

Mouth DiseasesTheranostic NanomedicineWearable Electronic DevicesWireless TechnologyChronic DiseaseDigital HealthHumansIntelligent Systems

Identifiers

PMID42341135
PMCPMC13292998

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.