ArticlePloS one2026
Development of semantic verbal fluency in children aged 2 to 5 and its relationship with participating in music activities.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This cross-sectional study investigates the development of semantic verbal fluency performance (i.e., verbal recall) and the role of music participation in 79 normally-hearing Finnish children aged 2;0-5;11. The primary outcome measure was a semantic verbal fluency task where children listed as many animals or clothes as they could in 60 seconds. Additionally, parents filled in the "Role of Music in Families" questionnaire detailing their child's formal and informal music activities. Results showed that the number of correct words belonging to the given category, along with the number of semantic clusters, subcategories and switches between subcategories, increased significantly with age. The rate of development between age groups differed for different aspects of verbal fluency, and more informal music activities was associated with better performance. These results indicate maturation of verbal recall from age 2;00 onwards, and that informal music participation is associated with the rate of development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.