ArticleHealth & justice2026
Gender differences in criminal justice system involvement and associations with post-deployment factors among Post-9/11 veterans.
Article in Health & justice, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundVeterans are overrepresented in the United States criminal justice system, yet limited research has examined how mental health, substance use, and psychosocial factors intersect to shape involvement in the justice system-particularly across gender. As the population of women veterans grows, understanding gender-based differences in criminal justice involvement is critical to developing targeted, patient-centered interventions.
methodsWe analyzed data from 1,360 post-9/11 veterans (M
resultsOverall, 15.0% of veterans reported post-deployment justice involvement (11.3% of women and 18.7% of men). Several factors were related to higher likelihood of post-deployment justice involvement in both groups (i.e., younger age, provisional alcohol use disorder diagnosis) while others were only related in one group (e.g., problematic anger among women; history of homelessness among men).
conclusionsOur findings underscore the importance of integrated, gender-responsive approaches to reduce justice involvement among veterans. Public health and criminal justice system interventions should address overlapping domains of need, including mental health, housing instability, and substance use, while tailoring strategies to gender-specific risk profiles.
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