SynthesisLa Medicina del lavoro2026
Cadmium Exposure and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in La Medicina del lavoro, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionPancreatic cancer is a highly lethal malignancy with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Environmental exposures, particularly to heavy metals such as cadmium, may contribute to its etiology. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the association between cadmium exposure from different sources and pancreatic cancer incidence or mortality.
methodsFollowing PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus. Eighteen studies comprising 20 risk estimates were included. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted overall and stratified by exposure source, gender, region, study design, and outcome. Dose-response relationships were assessed using meta-regression of cadmium exposure measures. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger's test.
resultsOverall, cadmium exposure was associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer [relative risk (RR) = 1.69, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.28-2.22]. Occupational exposure showed the most consistent association (RR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.19-1.61), followed by urinary and blood/serum biomarkers. Risk was higher in men than in women, and in case-control than in cohort studies. Dose-response analysis did not reveal a linear trend. There was limited evidence of publication bias overall, though some asymmetry was observed for urinary cadmium studies (P = 0.045).
conclusionCadmium exposure was associated with pancreatic cancer risk, particularly in occupational and biomarker-based studies. While findings support a potential causal link, heterogeneity, residual confounding, and limited dose-response data necessitate cautious interpretation.
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