ArticleThe Journal of head trauma rehabilitation2026
Examining Associations Between Environmental Exposures and Neurobehavioral Symptoms in Post-9/11 Veterans With a Probable History of TBI.
Article in The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivePrior research has established several risk factors for poor neurobehavioral outcomes after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Iraq/Afghanistan-era-Veterans. However, no studies have examined the impact of environmental exposures on neurobehavioral symptoms in this population. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between environmental exposures and neurobehavioral symptoms in post-9/11 Veterans with a probable history of TBI.
settingVeterans Affairs (VA) Million Veteran Program (MVP).
participantsParticipants included MVP-enrolled Veterans who completed the Veterans Health Administration's (VHA's) TBI Screening and Evaluation Program. Eligible participants were those who screened positive for TBI on the VHA Clinical Reminder Screen (N = 3370).
designRetrospective, cross-sectional design using secondary data analysis. MAIN MEASURES: Primary outcomes were 6 indices derived from the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI): total score (overall symptom severity), positive symptom total (symptom breadth), and 4 system clusters (vestibular, somatic/sensory, cognitive, and affective). Environmental exposures were self-reported by MVP surveys and included an exposure burden score and 7 individual exposure types: chemical or biological warfare agents; solvents/fuels; petroleum/combustion products; lead; other metals; pesticides; and open-air burn pits.
resultsThe most frequently reported environmental exposures included petroleum combustion products (90.38%), burn pits (87.58%), and solvents/fuels (84.25%). Adjusted linear regression analyses, controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and posttraumatic stress disorder status, showed significant positive associations between exposure burden and most neurobehavioral symptom outcomes (β = 0.13-1.08, all Ps < .001). In addition, there were several significant associations observed between each individual exposure variable and NSI outcomes, with the most consistent effects observed for other metals (β = 0.37-3.14, all Ps = <.001) and solvents/fuels (β = 0.88-2.95, all Ps = <.001).
conclusionsIn post-9/11 Veterans with a probable history of TBI, environmental exposure burden and specific exposure types (particularly other metals and solvents/fuels) were associated with greater neurobehavioral symptom severity and breadth, suggesting environmental exposures as an additional, important contributor to chronic symptoms.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.