ArticleDental press journal of orthodontics2026
Catastrophizing questionnaire: translation and psychometric validation in Brazilian adult orthodontic patients.
Article in Dental press journal of orthodontics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and estimate the psychometric properties of the Catastrophizing Questionnaire (CQ) for use in Portuguese among orthodontic patients.
methodsThe translation process followed international guidelines, including forward and backward translation. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to assess factorial validity, using indices such as the Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI), Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA), and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR). Convergent validity [Average Variance Extracted (AVE)] and reliability were estimated.
resultsA total of 334 Brazilian orthodontic patients (74.6% female, mean age = 30.6 years, standard deviation 12.4) participated in the study. The factor model of the Portuguese version of CQ presented an adequate fit to the data (CFA: CFI = 0.95, TLI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.07, and SRMR = 0.06). Reliability was acceptable (α and ω ≥ 0.93). Although the AVE was slightly below the recommended threshold (AVE = 0.41), the overall model fit and internal consistency supported the adequacy of convergent validity.
conclusionThe Portuguese CQ showed adequate psychometric properties for assessing catastrophizing in Brazilian adult orthodontic patients. As a pain-independent measure, it enables the early identification of catastrophizing tendencies before appliance placement, supporting a patient-centered approach. By helping clinicians recognize individual psychosocial vulnerabilities, the CQ can guide tailored communication and management strategies aimed at improving the overall treatment experience.
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