Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42339541›Full record

ArticleInquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financing

Virtual Reality Technology in Individual Self-Compassion Interventions: A Scoping Review.

Musen Hua, Jinping Bai, Zanteng Li, Shuya Chen, Jiacheng Su, Fuyan Zhang, Bowen Zheng, Li Yang

Abstract readScoping Review
In one paragraph

Article in Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financing. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Musen HuaSchool of Nursing, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
Jinping BaiSchool of Nursing, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
Zanteng LiSchool of Nursing, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong, China.ORCID 0009-0004-8212-381X
Shuya ChenSchool of Nursing, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
Jiacheng SuSchool of Nursing, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
Fuyan ZhangSchool of Nursing, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
Bowen ZhengSchool of Nursing, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
Li YangSchool of Nursing, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong, China.ORCID 0000-0003-2990-4479

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

IntroductionSelf-compassion has demonstrated substantial advantages in regulating anxiety and depression across diverse population groups. Nevertheless, conventional methods for augmenting self-compassion are dependent on an individual's imaginative faculties. Virtual reality presents a novel avenue for self-compassion intervention. But these interventions vary considerably in their types, session duration and frequency, and outcome assessment measures. This scoping review integrates evidence regarding the application of virtual reality (VR) in self-compassion interventions, with the aim of providing information and guidance for future clinical implementation.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search of ten databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP. The search period extended from the inception of the databases to November 4, 2025. All the included studies met the eligibility criteria.ResultsSixteen studies were included. Interventions were classified as non-interactive virtual reality (VR) self-compassion interventions and interactive interventions involving virtual scenes or characters. Non-interactive VR has a low usage threshold, making it suitable for most individuals. Scene-based interactive interventions are brief and allow simple interactions, suiting those with short attention spans. Character-based interactive interventions promote deeper emotional engagement but require more complex operations, fitting individuals with marked self-conflict and high cooperation. Although effects varied by intervention type, an overall positive trend was observed. Participants demonstrated good adherence and favorable user experiences; several studies also adopted strategies to enhance adherence.ConclusionVR-based self-compassion interventions fall into non-interactive and interactive types, each differing in technical features and target populations. Overall, these interventions effectively enhance self-compassion, and participants generally show high acceptance. However, most studies have methodological limitations. Therefore, the conclusions require further validation through high-quality, large-sample randomized controlled trials that also monitor long-term intervention effects.

Indexed as

Self-CompassionVirtual RealityEmpathyHumansdigital technologymental healthscoping reviewself-compassionvirtual reality

Identifiers

PMID42339541
PMCPMC13305535

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.