Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42339007›Full record

ReviewPreventive medicine reports2026

Cultural stigma and caregiver burden among family caregivers of people with nervous system disorders in the Middle East and North Africa: A mixed-methods systematic review.

Azeen Keihani, Katherine M McLeod, Xueying Ren, Alex R Parkhouse

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Preventive medicine reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Azeen KeihaniFrank H. Netter MD School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Quinnipiac University, North Haven, CT, USA.
Katherine M McLeodFrank H. Netter MD School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Quinnipiac University, North Haven, CT, USA.
Xueying RenFrank H. Netter MD School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Quinnipiac University, North Haven, CT, USA.
Alex R ParkhouseSchool of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: Family caregivers of people with nervous system disorders in the Middle East and North Africa face burdens shaped by cultural stigma, gendered expectations, and structural gaps. This review synthesizes evidence on caregiver burden and stigma. Methods: A mixed-methods systematic review was conducted. Five databases were searched from inception through May 2026: PubMed (1946), CINAHL via EBSCOhost (1937), Scopus (1788), APA PsycInfo (1500s), and Cochrane Library (1995). Settings spanned 14 countries in the Middle East, North Africa, and Türkiye; data were collected from 2006 to May 2026. Convergent integrated synthesis combined findings. Quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool and Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklists. Results: Fifty-two studies ( Conclusions: Caregiver burden in the Middle East and North Africa is substantial, culturally embedded, and modifiable. Culturally adapted psychoeducational interventions show promise. Policy investment in caregiver support is urgently needed.

Indexed as

Caregiver burdenFamily caregiversMiddle East and North AfricaMixed-methods systematic reviewNervous system disordersSpiritual well-beingStigma

Identifiers

PMID42339007
PMCPMC13284499

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.