ReviewInternational journal of nanomedicine2026
Glucan-Based Nanoparticles Empower Precision Cancer Immunotherapy: Design Strategies, Immune Reprogramming Mechanisms, and Clinical Translation Prospects.
Review in International journal of nanomedicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tumor immunotherapy presents new opportunities for sustained tumor control by reinstating immune surveillance. However, its clinical efficacy is significantly limited by the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment, considerable variability in patient responses, and the delicate balance required between immune activation and systemic toxicity. Recently, glucan-based nanoparticles have gained prominence as engineered platforms in precision tumor immunotherapy due to their favorable biocompatibility, programmable structural design, and inherent immune recognition capabilities. Comprehensive research has shown that these nanosystems not only facilitate the precise delivery of tumor antigens, immunoadjuvants, and immunomodulatory agents but also modulate the tumor immune microenvironment at various levels. These nanoparticles specifically target antigen-presenting cells, reprogram tumor-associated macrophages' phenotypes, reduce the function of immunosuppressive cells, and synergistically activate both innate and adaptive immune responses, significantly boosting antitumor immunity. This review methodically examines the principal strategies in the structural design and surface functionalization of glucan-based nanoparticles, with a focus on the molecular and cellular mechanisms of immune remodeling. It further highlights recent progress in their combined use with various immunotherapeutic modalities, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, photodynamic or photothermal therapies, and cell-based treatments. Moreover, drawing on current preclinical studies and early clinical data, this article offers a comprehensive evaluation of the translational challenges these systems face, including long-term safety, scalable production, and regulatory issues. Overall, glucan-based nanoparticles are transitioning from traditional delivery systems to versatile therapeutic platforms that play a crucial role in immune regulation. They offer significant potential for novel theoretical frameworks and technological advances in the development of more precise, effective, and sustainable tumor immunotherapy strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.