ArticleInternational journal of epidemiology2026
Life-course trajectories of cardiovascular disease risk factors in rural India: Andhra Pradesh Children and Parents Study (APCAPS) 2003-2023.
Article in International journal of epidemiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of disability-adjusted life years in South Asia, with adverse trends in CVD risk seen in rural residents in recent decades. Assessment of life-course trajectories of CVD risk factors is important to understand CVD aetiology.
methodsThe Andhra Pradesh Children and Parents cohort Study included all children (n = 2601) born during 1987-90 and their mothers (n = 1963) residing in 29 villages of South India. Participants were followed up in 2003-05, 2009-10, 2010-12, and 2021-23. Children (n = 4777 observations, 35% female) were assessed for body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, waist-height ratio, fasting glucose, and central and peripheral skinfolds. For mothers (n = 3830 observations), repeated measures of BMI were available. Linear mixed-effect models with a random slope were used to model trajectories of CVD risk factors.
resultsBMI increased with age and the predicted mean BMI reached the World Health Organization's increased risk action point for adult South Asians (≥23 kg/m2) at 28 years for male and 31 years for female children, while, for mothers, it was much later at 43-65 years. In male children compared with females, there was a faster progression to prediabetes, higher abdominal fat deposition, and a higher rate of increase in subscapular skinfolds.
conclusionSouth Asians living in rural areas showed increasing trajectories of several CVD risk factors, particularly in males. This highlights the need for interventions to mitigate the potential CVD burden.
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