ArticleThoracic cancer2026
Clinical and Imaging Characteristics in the Diagnosis and Surgical Management of Nipple Discharge Without Clinically Palpable Masses: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Article in Thoracic cancer, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe study aimed to investigate clinical and imaging features in the diagnosis and surgical management of nipple discharge without palpable masses.
methodsConsecutive patients undergoing surgery for nipple discharge without palpable masses (January 2014-December 2024) were retrospectively enrolled. Clinical, imaging (ultrasound, mammography, MRI), surgical, and pathological data were analyzed. Diagnostic performance of imaging modalities for intraductal lesions/malignancy and their role in incision selection were evaluated. Multivariate regression identified independent risk factors.
resultsAmong 664 patients (676 breasts), 512 were pathology-positive cases. Older age (> 50 years), postmenopausal status, bloody/yellow discharge, and single-duct involvement correlated with intraductal-lesions/malignancy (p < 0.05). MRI demonstrated superior sensitivity for detecting intraductal-lesions (81.25%) and cancer (87.32%) versus ultrasound (64.51%/74.26%) and mammography (26.46%/50.39%), with 84.62% concordance in surgical localization. Bloody/yellow discharge, positive ultrasound, and MRI independently predicted intraductal-lesions (p < 0.05).
conclusionMRI offers optimal diagnostic sensitivity and precise spatial guidance for surgery. Bloody/yellow discharge, along with positive ultrasound and MRI findings, informs risk stratification and surgical intervention.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.