ArticleBiomacromolecules2026
Evaluation of Functionalized Birch Bark Extracts in Epoxy Thermosets.
Article in Biomacromolecules, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Birch bark, often discarded or burned as a low-grade fuel in the pulp and paper industry, contains valuable compounds with significant potential as biobased polymer precursors. Among these are triterpenoids such as betulin, betulinic acid, and lupeol, which comprise roughly 10-40% of the dried bark mass, alongside lignocellulosic and suberin fractions. In this work, crude birch bark extract (BBE) was extracted and used directly as a polymer precursor material. Epoxidized BBE was cured with a range of biobased and petroleum-derived amines, including furan-derived difuran diamine (DFDA). The resulting thermoset polymers demonstrated high extents of cure (greater than 99%) and room-temperature storage moduli, glass transition temperatures, and thermal stabilities comparable to those of petroleum-derived epoxy systems.
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