ArticleNeurorehabilitation and neural repair2026
Walking Environment and Speed Differentially Change More Affected Limb Dynamic Motor Control in Children With Cerebral Palsy.
Article in Neurorehabilitation and neural repair, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundChildren with cerebral palsy (CP) have impaired motor and simplified neuromuscular control during walking. Surgical interventions, conventional therapies, and real-time biofeedback result in minimal improvements in muscle synergies, highlighting the need for new strategies to enhance motor control.
objectiveTo assess how neuromuscular control of the more-affected limb is acutely affected across walking environments and speeds for children with CP.
methodEight children with CP (5 males and 3 females; age: 12.58 ± 3.91 years; height: 1.52 ± 0.20 m; and weight: 54.55 ± 30.83 kg) and 15 typically developing children had 8 surface EMG sensors on the lower limbs. Muscle synergies were calculated with non-negative matrix factorization to define dynamic motor control during walking (walk-DMC) for overground, conventional treadmill, and aquatic treadmill walking. We compared walk-DMC across environment and speed conditions (slow, normal, and fast) for the more-affected limb.
resultsMain effects of the aquatic environment and the slow walking speed acutely increased walk-DMC in children with CP, indicating increased neuromuscular complexity. Neither conventional treadmill nor overground environments significantly impacted walk-DMC scores.
conclusionsWalk-DMC was sensitive to acute changes in the walking environment and speed in children with CP. These findings offer new perspectives on walking rehabilitation by accounting for the interplay between task demands and motor function. However, future studies should investigate repeated exposures to aquatic gait rehabilitation environments, particularly aquatic treadmill training and slow walking speeds.
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