ArticleBMC nursing2026
Workplace violence, intimate partner violence, and depression in nurses: the mediating role of impostor syndrome.
Article in BMC nursing, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundDepression is a global mental health concern and demonstrates high prevalence among nurses, significantly impairing their quality of life. Previous studies have identified impostor syndrome (IS), workplace violence (WPV), and intimate partner violence (IPV) as risk factors for depression. It has been hypothesised that WPV and IPV may promote the development of IS, which in turn could lead to depression; however, these relationships have not been empirically confirmed.
aimsThis study aimed to examine the mediating role of IS in the relationships between WPV, IPV, and depression among nurses.
methodsA multi-centre, cross-sectional survey was conducted across five provinces and municipalities in China (Sichuan, Shanghai, Chongqing, Tibet, and Heilongjiang). Participants were primarily recruited from tertiary (Grade III Level A) hospitals, supplemented by community health centres and private healthcare institutions. A total of 800 registered nurses were initially enrolled, with a final sample of 649 nurses included after data cleaning. Depression was measured using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21) depression subscale, IS using the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS), workplace violence and intimate partner violence using validated instruments. The mediating effect of IS was analysed using bootstrap methods in SPSS Amos 28.0.
resultsThe structural equation model demonstrated good fit: χ2/ df = 1.543, CFI = 0.992, TLI = 0.989, RMSEA = 0.029, SRMR = 0.027. IS significantly mediated the relationship between WPV and depression (β = 0.074, 95% CI: 0.025 to 0.126), accounting for 35.41% of the total effect. IS significantly mediated the relationship between IPV and depression (β = 0.074, 95% CI: 0.028 to 0.123), accounting for 39.36% of the total effect.
conclusionThe findings indicate that IPV, WPV and IS are significant factors influencing the incidence of depression among nurses. Exposure to IPV and WPV may exacerbate depressive symptoms by intensifying IS. For nurses who have experienced violence, early identification and intervention targeting IS are therefore crucial to mitigate the risk of depression. Clinically, routine screening for IS among nurses exposed to WPV or IPV may help prevent the development of depression.
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