Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42337474›Full record

ArticleBMC infectious diseases2026

Crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus in ticks and small ruminants in western Iran: epidemiological insights and genotyping.

Abdoreza Amrollahi, Meysam Moravedji, Saber Esmaeili, Nikwan Khademi Baneh, Tahmine Jalali, Maryam Rahravani, Mahsa Tavakoli, Zahra Hosseini, Mostafa Salehi-Vaziri, Mohammad Hassan Pouriayevali

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Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Abdoreza AmrollahiDepartment of Veterinary, Sa.C., Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran.
Meysam MoravedjiDepartment of Veterinary, Sa.C., Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran. meysam.moravedji@iau.ac.ir.
Saber EsmaeiliNational Reference Laboratory for Plague, Tularemia and Q Fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Kabudar Ahang, Iran.
Nikwan Khademi BanehDepartment of Veterinary, Sa.C., Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran.
Tahmine JalaliDepartment of Arboviruses and Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers (National Reference Laboratory), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
Maryam RahravaniDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
Mahsa TavakoliDepartment of Arboviruses and Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers (National Reference Laboratory), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
Zahra HosseiniDepartment of Arboviruses and Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers (National Reference Laboratory), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
Mostafa Salehi-VaziriDepartment of Arboviruses and Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers (National Reference Laboratory), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
Mohammad Hassan PouriayevaliDepartment of Arboviruses and Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers (National Reference Laboratory), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. M.H.Pouria@gmail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCrimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an emerging zoonotic disease of significant public health concern caused by Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), primarily transmitted by tick vectors. Its spread is further compounded by global warming, tick range expansion, and traditional farming practices. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of CCHFV in ticks parasitizing livestock in Kermanshah Province, Iran, which borders Iraq, a country that has experienced major CCHF outbreaks in recent years.

methodsSerum and tick samples were collected from 302 small ruminants (SRs) in six districts, considering previous CCHF cases and regional differences. Following RNA extraction from both ticks and sera, a homemade real-time RT-PCR was used to detect CCHFV infection.

resultsAll sera tested negative, while 0.67% (4/604) of ticks were infected with CCHFV (Hyalomma asiaticum and Rhipicephalus sanguineus were positive). This study confirms the circulation of CCHFV in the western region of Iran and, more importantly, reports the detection of an Aigai virus (formerly CCHFV genotype VI or AP-92-like strain) in tick populations for the first time in Iran.

conclusionsThese findings emphasize the need for continued molecular surveillance, vector control, and cross-border cooperation to mitigate the risk of CCHF transmission in humans.

Indexed as

Hemorrhagic Fever, CrimeanHemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-CongoRuminantsTicksAnimalsGenotypeIranPhylogenyPrevalenceRNA, ViralSheepRNA, ViralArbovirusCrimean-Congo Haemorrhagic FeverEmerging Infectious DiseasesHyalomma ticksIranMolecular epidemiologyRhipicephalus sanguineusTick-borne diseasesViral Haemorrhagic FeversZoonotic diseases

Identifiers

PMID42337474
PMCPMC13563957

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.