ArticleEuropean radiology experimental2026
Potentiation of the altered immune microenvironment following RF ablation of murine distant tumors with CTLA-4 immunotherapy.
Article in European radiology experimental, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectivePrevious studies on the immune function after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) mainly focused on the immune microenvironment in residual tumors. Thus, we investigate the impact of complete RFA (cRFA) and incomplete RFA (iRFA) on the immune microenvironment of distant tumors, determining whether combination with immunotherapy can improve outcomes. MATERIALS AND MATERIALS: Using a bilateral subcutaneous CT26 murine model, one tumor underwent cRFA or iRFA while the contralateral tumor served as a distant site. Immune profiling by ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry was performed at days 3 and 9 post-RFA (6 mice per group). Based on transcriptomic findings, anti-CTLA-4 therapy was evaluated following cRFA. Tumor growth and survival were additionally assessed (8 mice per group).
resultsInfiltration of CD8
conclusionComplete RFA is associated with a delayed immunosuppressive shift in distant tumors. Targeting CTLA-4 following ablation may partially mitigate this effect and enhance systemic tumor control. RELEVANCE STATEMENT: The combination of anti-CTLA-4 targeted therapy and complete radiofrequency ablation demonstrated a synergistic anti-tumor immunotherapy effect, which provided a potentially better therapeutic strategy for preventing tumor recurrence after radiofrequency ablation. KEY POINTS: The RNA-seq results demonstrated that CTLA-4 was upregulated in the distant tumor on 9 days after complete radiofrequency ablation. Anti-tumor immune response initially associated with radiofrequency ablation was relatively transient, while an immunosuppressive microenvironment was formed in the distant tumor in 9 days. Anti-CTLA-4 therapy after complete ablation significantly delayed distant tumor growth and promoted an anti-tumor immune microenvironment.
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