Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42335234›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2026

Modeling framework to demonstrate elimination of a vector population: Tsetse elimination in Chad.

John Hargrove, Mahamat Hissene Mahamat, Moukhtar Aldjibert, Wilfrid Yoni, Djoukzoumka Signaboubo, Justin Darnas, Ernest Salou, Inaki Tirados, Albert Mugenyi, Priscille Barreaux and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

John HargroveSouth African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation, School for Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0003-0346-5260
Mahamat Hissene MahamatInstitut de Recherche en Élevage pour le Développement, Ndjamena 10001 BP 433, Chad.
Moukhtar AldjibertInstitut de Recherche en Élevage pour le Développement, Ndjamena 10001 BP 433, Chad.ORCID 0000-0001-8737-1362
Wilfrid YoniCentre International de Recherche Développement sur l'Élevage en zone Sub-humide, Bobo-Dioulasso 01 BP 454, Burkina Faso.ORCID 0000-0002-1156-8350
Djoukzoumka SignabouboInstitut de Recherche en Élevage pour le Développement, Ndjamena 10001 BP 433, Chad.ORCID 0000-0003-2253-724X
Justin DarnasProgramme National de Lutte contre la Trypanosomiase Humaine Africaine, Ndjamena 10001, Chad.
Ernest SalouCentre International de Recherche Développement sur l'Élevage en zone Sub-humide, Bobo-Dioulasso 01 BP 454, Burkina Faso.ORCID 0000-0002-3999-8600
Inaki TiradosLiverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-9771-4880
Albert MugenyiMinistry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, Kampala 25601, Uganda.
Priscille BarreauxInternational Center for Insect Physiology and Ecology, Human Health Theme, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
Philippe SolanoInteractions hôtes-vecteurs-parasites-environnement dans les maladies tropicales négligées dues aux trypanosomatidés, Univ Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Centre de coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Montpellier 34398, France.ORCID 0000-0002-4351-3506
Antoine Marc Gaby BarreauxInteractions hôtes-vecteurs-parasites-environnement dans les maladies tropicales négligées dues aux trypanosomatidés, Univ Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Centre de coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Montpellier 34398, France.ORCID 0000-0001-5822-761X

Funding

Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (GF) INV0225840european union horizon 2020 101000467Gates Foundation INV-001785Open Philanthropy Project symbiovectorStellenbosch University CERI-SACEMA
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Every year, over 700,000 people, particularly children under five, die from vector-borne diseases worldwide. Effectively controlling endemics and preventing new outbreaks requires an integrated approach that can lead to the elimination of both vectors and diseases. In the last two decades, integrating medical interventions and vector control has significantly reduced the incidence of Gambian Human African Trypanosomiasis (g-HAT), with the World Health Organization validating eight countries as having eliminated the disease as a public health problem. However, elimination of the tsetse vector has not been confirmed, leaving the possibility of re-emergence. We developed a six-step modeling framework to assess vector elimination by calculating: i) the probability of vector capture; ii) the probability of observing a series of zero catches, even without actual elimination; iii) the probability of natural elimination; iv) the probability of failing to detect a rebound; v) the reinvasion risk; and vi) the sensitivity analysis. Our case study is g-HAT in Mandoul, Chad, and the elimination of

Indexed as

Disease EradicationInsect ControlInsect VectorsTrypanosomiasis, AfricanTsetse FliesAnimalsChadHumansModels, Biologicaleliminationmathematical modelingpublic health policyvector-borne diseasevector control

Identifiers

PMID42335234
PMCPMC13320919

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.