ArticleJournal of neuro-oncology2026
From relapse to survival: real-world clinical impact of a multimodal approach in first-time recurrent glioblastoma : FROST: multimodal treatment for GBM recurrence.
Article in Journal of neuro-oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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11 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults. The current treatment is surgery followed by chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ). Three out of four patients experience recurrence within the year following diagnosis. The management of first GBM recurrence remains challenging with no standardized guidelines. This study aimed to evaluate multimodal strategies combining systemic therapy, radiotherapy, surgery as a potential promising approach to enhance patient outcomes.
methodsThe FROST study is a real-life multicenter study. All patients with primary GBM treated for recurrence after prior CRT were included. The Kaplan-Meier method, Cox regression model, and propensity score were employed.
resultsTwo hundred seventy-one patients were included. One hundred ninety (70%) patients benefited from systemic treatment. Fifty-six patients (21%) received a multimodal approach, and 25 (9%) either radiotherapy (n = 14) or surgery (n = 11) alone. The median OS was 9.9 months (8.2-11.2) from first recurrence. The median OS for systemic treatment was 7.9 months (7.1-10.4) and 12.7 months (10.8-19.6) for the local/multimodal approach (p = 1e
conclusionIntegrating systemic therapy, radiotherapy and surgery within a multimodal framework at first GBM recurrence seems to offer meaningful clinical benefit. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
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