SynthesisThe Journal of international medical research2026
Modifiable risk factors for tinnitus: A Mendelian randomization study.
Synthesis in The Journal of international medical research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
ObjectiveThe topic of tinnitus has received considerable scholarly interest. Contributing factors to the development of tinnitus encompass aging, exposure to loud noise, smoking, and hearing impairment. Nevertheless, the precise risk factors, particularly those that can be modified, remain uncertain. This study aimed to explore the potential genetic factors that may be associated with an increased susceptibility to tinnitus.MethodsMendelian randomization analyses were performed using data from the United Kingdom Biobank and the FinnGen Biobank data infrastructure. The present study examined the correlation between 13 prevalent life factors, which were identified as potential risk factors for tinnitus through a comprehensive review of the literature. The inverse-variance weighted model was employed to analyze the associations. To mitigate database source bias and strengthen the reliability of our findings, data from the United Kingdom Biobank were used for the discovery cohort, whereas data from FinnGen were used for the validation cohort. Subsequently, a meta-analysis was conducted to combine the findings, thereby bolstering the robustness of the results.ResultsIn the United Kingdom Biobank discovery cohort, waist circumference (odds ratio = 1.37, 95% confidence interval 1.09-1.71, p = 0.006), waist-to-hip ratio (odds ratio = 1.71, 95% confidence interval 1.17-2.50, p = 0.005), fasting glucose (odds ratio = 0.70, 95% confidence interval 0.54-0.90, p = 0.007), and fasting insulin (odds ratio = 2.07, 95% confidence interval 1.07-4.01, p = 0.03) showed significant associations with tinnitus. In the FinnGen validation cohort, smoking was associated with tinnitus (odds ratio = 1.20, 95% confidence interval 1.03-1.40, p = 0.018). However, in the meta-analysis combining both cohorts, only waist circumference remained significantly associated with tinnitus (odds ratio = 1.27, 95% confidence interval 1.08-1.49, p = 0.003).ConclusionsOur findings indicate a causal relationship between waist circumference, an indicator of central obesity, and tinnitus. This implies that abdominal obesity could serve as a modifiable target for the prevention of tinnitus. Other factors that initially appeared to be associated did not demonstrate consistent results across different cohorts, underscoring the critical role of meta-analysis in Mendelian randomization studies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.