ReviewJournal of applied biomedicine2026
Evidence for bidirectional gut-spleen crosstalk in rodent models: scoping review of possible mechanisms and therapeutic implications.
Review in Journal of applied biomedicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe gut-spleen axis has been proposed to link the gut environment with splenic immune regulation and systemic homeostasis. This scoping review examines this interaction in rodent models.
methodsFollowing PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we analyzed literature (2015-2025) from PubMed, Scopus, and other major databases, including English-language rodent studies reporting gut and splenic outcomes.
resultsAnalysis of 48 studies suggests that gut dysbiosis may alter splenic architecture and immune function mainly via microbial metabolites, particularly short-chain fatty acids. Limited evidence indicates that splenic dysfunction could impair gut barrier integrity. Systemic stressors (e.g., infection or allergy) may reinforce this bidirectional inflammatory loop. Microbiota-targeted therapies have been observed primarily through gut-initiated mechanisms. Vagus nerve-mediated signaling points to a gut-brain-spleen network, though its directional hierarchy remains unresolved.
conclusionEvidence supports a gut-spleen axis in rodents, with gut-derived microbial metabolites appearing to influence splenic immunity. Support for a reciprocal spleen-to-gut pathway remains limited and emergent, highlighting a research asymmetry. Together, these interactions suggest a partially bidirectional network linking the gut ecosystem to systemic immunity, with additional neural integration extending this framework toward a gut-brain-spleen axis. This integrative model proposes the gut-spleen axis as a potential therapeutic target warranting further investigation in inflammatory, metabolic, and neurological diseases.
Indexed as
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.