ReviewCureus2026
Hypoglycemia and Long-Term Cardiovascular Outcomes in Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review of Prognostic Evidence.
Review in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hypoglycemia is a frequent complication of glucose-lowering therapy in diabetes mellitus and has been increasingly linked to adverse cardiovascular outcomes. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the association between hypoglycemic episodes and long-term cardiovascular outcomes, including cardiovascular mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), and all-cause mortality. A comprehensive search of PubMed/Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted for studies published between January 2000 and December 2024. Randomized trial-derived analyses and observational cohort studies assessing hypoglycemia as an exposure and reporting cardiovascular or mortality outcomes in adults with diabetes were included. Seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Across the included studies, severe hypoglycemia was consistently associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. In contrast, non-severe hypoglycemia showed less consistent associations and appeared to confer risk primarily at higher frequencies. Temporal analyses suggested an elevated risk of adverse outcomes shortly after hypoglycemic episodes, while some studies demonstrated dose-response relationships. However, interpretation remains complex, as hypoglycemia often occurs in patients with higher baseline risk, raising the possibility that it may act as both a contributing factor and a marker of vulnerability. In conclusion, severe hypoglycemia is associated with increased cardiovascular risk and mortality in patients with diabetes. These findings support the importance of individualized glycemic management strategies that minimize hypoglycemia while maintaining effective metabolic control.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.