ArticleIndian journal of hematology & blood transfusion : an official journal of Indian Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion2026
Study on the Impact of Cross-Reactive Antibodies Induced by SARS-COV-2 Infection on the False-Positive Rate of HIV Serological Testing.
Article in Indian journal of hematology & blood transfusion : an official journal of Indian Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Purpose: This study evaluates COVID-19 pandemic phase-specific variations in HIV seroprevalence among volunteer blood donors to elucidate determinants of assay discordance. Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed 681,232 volunteer blood donations (Wenzhou, 2017-2023) across four pandemic phases: pre-pandemic, containment, surge (Jan-Feb 2023), and stabilization. All specimens underwent dual HIV serological/nucleic acid screening, with reactive cases referred for CDC confirmation. Results: Analysis of 681,232 specimens revealed an overall HIV seroreactivity rate of 0.14%, escalating from 0.08% (pre-pandemic) to 0.91% during the Omicron surge phase (Jan-Feb 2023). Among 184 reactive cases in the surge period, 178 (96.7%) showed single-reagent reactivity with predominantly low S/CO ratios (94.9% <5.0), all Western blot (WB)-negative. Significant variance occurred across gender (P=0.043), age (P=0.007), and donation frequency (P=0.001). Indeterminate WB results (n=37) exhibited 5 immunoblot band patterns, with P24 predominance suggesting assay interference. Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 infection induces HIV false-positive seroreactivity, necessitating algorithm optimization in clinical laboratories during pandemic waves to conserve blood resources.
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