ArticleInnovation in aging2026
Longitudinal network dynamics of cardiometabolic, mobility, and psychological indicators among older adults in rural South Africa.
Article in Innovation in aging, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background and Objectives: Evidence used to define later-life health remains dominated by high-income settings, despite rapid population aging in sub-Saharan Africa. This study examined how cardiometabolic indicators, symptom burden, mobility limitation, and psychological functioning co-evolve over time among older adults in rural South Africa. Research Design and Methods: We analyzed 3 waves of the Health and Ageing in Africa: A Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community in South Africa (HAALSI; 2014-2022) among adults 60+ years at baseline ( Results: Cardiometabolic indicators were more temporally stable than psychological indicators (autoregressive coefficients: BMI = 0.77; SBP = 0.49; depressive symptoms = 0.06; life satisfaction = 0.06). Temporal out-strength was highest for BMI (0.843), followed by SBP (0.705) and mobility limitation (0.668), whereas pain (0.165) and sleep duration (0.112) showed lower connectedness. The CLPN showed acceptable model fit (Comparative Fit Index = 0.96, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.03, 90% CI [0.03, 0.04], SRMR = 0.03). Mobility limitation predicted higher later life satisfaction (β = 0.16, Discussion and Implications: Results indicate cardiometabolic indicators and mobility limitation were more temporally connected components of later-life health. These findings support integrated primary-care approaches that combine cardiometabolic monitoring with attention to locomotor function, while the mobility-well-being association warrants cautious interpretation and replication. These associations are observational and should not be interpreted as causal or as purely within-person effects.
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