Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42333002›Full record

Trial reportEpidemiology and infection2026

The impact of topical or oral antibiotics in children with acute otitis media on their middle ear, nasopharyngeal, and gut microbiomes.

Juana Claus, Ross S McInnes, Saskia Hullegie, Roger A M J Damoiseaux, Anne G M Schilder, Janetta Top, Rob Schuurman, Mei Ling Chu, Debby Bogaert, Willem van Schaik and 2 more

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Epidemiology and infection, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Juana ClausDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Economics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, https://ror.org/0575yy874University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
Ross S McInnesInstitute of Microbiology and Infection and Department of Microbes, Infection and Microbiomes, School of Infection, Inflammation and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health, https://ror.org/03angcq70University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Saskia HullegieDepartment of General Practice and Nursing Science, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, https://ror.org/0575yy874University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
Roger A M J DamoiseauxDepartment of General Practice and Nursing Science, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, https://ror.org/0575yy874University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
Anne G M SchilderDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Economics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, https://ror.org/0575yy874University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
Janetta TopDepartment of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
Rob SchuurmanDepartment of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
Mei Ling ChuDepartment of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
Debby BogaertDepartment of Paediatrics, https://ror.org/0575yy874University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
Willem van SchaikInstitute of Microbiology and Infection and Department of Microbes, Infection and Microbiomes, School of Infection, Inflammation and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health, https://ror.org/03angcq70University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Roderick P VenekampDepartment of General Practice and Nursing Science, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, https://ror.org/0575yy874University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
Janneke H H M van de WijgertDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Economics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, https://ror.org/0575yy874University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-2728-4560

Funding

ZonMw 84801 5006
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Acute otitis media (AOM) is a major driver of paediatric antibiotic prescriptions. We assessed the impact of oral and topical antibiotics on middle ear, nasopharyngeal, and gut microbiome compositions, and the gut resistome, in children with AOM and ear discharge (AOMd). Fifty-eight children with AOMd and ear pain and/or fever were randomized to oral amoxicillin suspension (

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsEar, MiddleGastrointestinal MicrobiomeMicrobiotaNasopharynxOtitis MediaAcute DiseaseAdministration, OralAdministration, TopicalAmoxicillinBacteriaChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantMaleAmoxicillinAnti-Bacterial Agentsacute otitis mediachildrengut microbiomemiddle ear microbiomenasopharyngeal microbiome

Identifiers

PMID42333002
PMCPMC13366364

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.