ArticleBMC veterinary research2026
Acaricidal activity of Laurus nobilis L. against Varroa destructor: nanoemulsion and molecular docking.
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundVarroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae) is one of the most significant threats to honeybee health, and sustainable alternatives to synthetic acaricides are urgently needed. Essential oil (EO)-based nanoformulations have emerged as promising candidates due to their enhanced stability and bioavailability.
methodsIn this study, the acaricidal effect of a nanoemulsion (NEms) of Laurus nobilis L. EO was evaluated through field trials. The chemical composition of the oil was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the physicochemical properties of the NEms were characterized. Additionally, molecular docking analysis was performed to investigate interactions between major components and acetylcholinesterase (AChE).
resultsGC-MS analysis revealed 1,8-cineole (40.65%) as the main component, followed by α-terpinyl acetate and β-phellandrene. The NEms exhibited a mean droplet size of 72.36 nm with good stability. Field results demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in mite density, reaching 70.3% efficacy at 200 ppm, compared to 40.2% for the positive control (flumethrin). Molecular docking showed strong binding interactions with AChE, with α-terpinene exhibiting the highest affinity (-6.874 kcal/mol), followed by 1,8-cineole (-6.163 kcal/mol).
conclusionsThese findings indicate that L. nobilis NEms may represent an effective and environmentally friendly alternative for controlling Varroa mites, supported by a plausible neurotoxic mechanism. To our knowledge, this study is among the first to integrate NEms -based field efficacy with AChE-targeted molecular docking, linking biological activity with mechanistic insight.
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