ArticleHealth and quality of life outcomes2026
Adverse childhood experiences and well-being in middle-aged men in South Korea: mediating role of andropause symptoms.
Article in Health and quality of life outcomes, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundMiddle-aged men in South Korea are in a critical period marked by significant physical and psychosocial transitions. While adverse childhood experiences negatively affect lifelong health, the specific mechanisms affecting well-being during midlife remain underexplored. This study aimed to examine the mediating role of andropause symptoms in the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and well-being.
methodsA cross-sectional survey involving 444 community-dwelling Korean men aged 40-64 years was conducted from June to August 2024. Data were collected via an online questionnaire to assess ACEs, andropause symptoms, and well-being. The SAS 9.4 and PROCESS macro were used for data analysis.
resultsThe participants had a mean age of 50.8 years. High levels of well-being were significantly associated with being married, higher educational attainment, and higher income. Participants reporting high ACEs had significantly lower levels of well-being than those reporting no ACEs. In the mediating analysis, the indirect effect of andropause symptoms on the relationships between ACEs and well-being was statistically significant (β = -0.08, 95% CI = -0.109 to -0.053). This finding suggests that andropause symptoms partially mediate the relationship between ACEs and well-being in middle-aged men.
conclusionsAndropause symptoms appeared to partially mediated the relationship between ACEs and well-being in middle-aged Korean men. Although both ACEs and andropause symptoms are associated with midlife well-being, they have rarely been addressed together. Community-based programs combining trauma-informed counseling and andropause management are needed to improve well-being in middle-aged men.
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