Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42332250›Full record

ArticleNature nanotechnology2026

Machine-intelligent multimodal algebot for intracavitary chemotherapy.

Lin Lin, Haohui Li, Qi Zhou, Qi Ding, Xiang Sun, Jing Hu, Zhangli Zhao, Yaning Qin, Tiancheng Jiang, Honghao Ye and 8 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature nanotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Lin Lin *State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases & Fujian Engineering Research Center of Molecular Theranostic Technology, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5132-5142
Haohui Li *State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases & Fujian Engineering Research Center of Molecular Theranostic Technology, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-4526-2826
Qi Zhou *Institute for Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Research & The ZJE Institute, Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. q.zhou@ed.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3560-2311
Qi DingState Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases & Fujian Engineering Research Center of Molecular Theranostic Technology, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Xiang SunState Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases & Fujian Engineering Research Center of Molecular Theranostic Technology, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4142-1568
Jing HuState Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases & Fujian Engineering Research Center of Molecular Theranostic Technology, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-8357-5345
Zhangli ZhaoState Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases & Fujian Engineering Research Center of Molecular Theranostic Technology, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-7326-959X
Yaning QinState Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases & Fujian Engineering Research Center of Molecular Theranostic Technology, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Tiancheng JiangState Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases & Fujian Engineering Research Center of Molecular Theranostic Technology, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Honghao YeState Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases & Fujian Engineering Research Center of Molecular Theranostic Technology, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-5775-018X
Xiaozhen WuState Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases & Fujian Engineering Research Center of Molecular Theranostic Technology, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Honghan LiuKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems & School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7167-2264
Lu HuangKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems & School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-7063-4186
Chenghao HuangState Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases & Fujian Engineering Research Center of Molecular Theranostic Technology, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8267-1307
Yahui GaoKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems & School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Jinyao TangDepartment of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. jinyao@hku.hk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0051-148X
Xing MaSauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials & School of Integrated Circuits, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China. maxing@hit.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2248-4806
Xiaohui YanState Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases & Fujian Engineering Research Center of Molecular Theranostic Technology, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China. xhyan@xmu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6089-0664

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Intracavitary drug instillation is a crucial therapeutic strategy for treating bladder cancer. However, current methods are limited in efficacy due to insufficient tumour targeting and drug penetration across tissue barriers in pathophysiological conditions. Here we devise biohybrid magnetic algae microrobots with hierarchical nanoporous structure and develop an 'algebot'-mediated, non-contact convective transport strategy to synergistically integrate targeted carrier transport, selective drug release and ultrafast tissue penetration. Our approach leverages machine-intelligent image feedback for autonomous navigation, magnetite-endowed multimodal control for reconfigurable swarming and flow-tuned convective diffusion for on-demand therapeutic delivery. We exemplify this approach with doxorubicin-loaded magnetic Coscinodiscus granii evaluated in a murine model of bladder tumour, demonstrating an over tenfold increase in drug permeation and substantially reduced tumour burden to less than 3% compared with conventional intravesical instillation in a preclinical trial of 1-week therapy without inducing systemic toxicity. Our drug delivery system offers a non-invasive solution to overcome complex biological barriers, advancing the efficacy and safety of intracavitary chemotherapy.

Indexed as

Antineoplastic AgentsDoxorubicinDrug Delivery SystemsUrinary Bladder NeoplasmsAnimalsCell Line, TumorHumansMiceAntineoplastic AgentsDoxorubicin

Identifiers

PMID42332250
PMCPMC13379317

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.