Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42332115›Full record

ReviewNature human behaviour2026

Political polarization in low- and middle-income countries.

Horacio Larreguy, Ernesto Tiburcio

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature human behaviour, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Horacio Larreguy *Department of Economics, ITAM, Mexico City, Mexico. horacio.larreguy@itam.mx.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8491-6400
Ernesto Tiburcio *Goldman School of Public Policy, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.

Funding

Agence Nationale de la Recherche (French National Research Agency) Investissement d'Avenir program ANR-17-EURE-0010
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In the past two decades, low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), especially in Latin America and Asia, have seen a rise in ideological and affective polarization, along with democratic backsliding. Yet, research on the drivers of such polarization's rise and persistence remains limited. We identify three general informational drivers of polarization systematically present in LMICs. First, echo chambers foster and reinforce false beliefs about opposing groups. Second, while diverse media could counter polarization, the dominance of biased traditional, digital and social media has deepened it. Third, divisive political elites using hostile rhetoric and incivility exacerbate polarization by amplifying social and political divides. We highlight opportunities to further our understanding of the empirical relevance of these mechanisms in LMICs, as well as interventions informed by these mechanisms to counter polarization.

Indexed as

Developing CountriesPoliticsAsiaDigital MediaHumansLatin AmericaSocial Media

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.