Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42332040›Full record

ArticleJournal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association2026

Implementation of an antimicrobial stewardship program in a multicenter neonatal intensive care unit collaborative: a mixed-methods staff resource needs evaluation.

Cynthia L Gong, Nabeel Qureshi, Peter Mendel, Kurlen S E Payton, Henry C Lee, Kenneth M Zangwill

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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Cynthia L GongDivision of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, Fetal and Neonatal Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Cynthia.Gong@curta.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0159-1335
Nabeel QureshiRAND Corporation and Pardee RAND Graduate School, Santa Monica, CA, USA.
Peter MendelRAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA.
Kurlen S E PaytonDivision of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2790-5849
Henry C LeeDivision of Neonatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8383-1720
Kenneth M ZangwillDivision of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.

Funding

U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) R18HS026168
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveStaffing needs for an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) in the neonatal intensive care unit setting are undefined. STUDY

designIn an ASP collaborative of 29 California NICUs, we surveyed sites to determine full-time equivalents (FTE) for ASP implementation effort by clinical role, clinical acuity, patient volume, and other NICU characteristics.

results146 staff members performed ASP implementation, including neonatologists, nurses, hospitalists, nurse practitioners, pharmacists, information technology personnel, and infectious disease specialists. The 8-month preparation and 12-month intervention phases required a median (IQR) of 0.015 (0.011-0.025) and 0.071 (0.056-0.091) FTEs (0.6 and 2.8 hours per week), respectively. Neonatologists and nurses performed 43% and 19% of the workload, respectively; effort for site-level stewardship activities and collaborative learning dissemination varied 3.3-fold over the collaborative. Higher clinical acuity and patient volume were associated with higher neonatologist effort.

conclusionDriven by neonatologists and nurses, NICU ASP requires demonstrable effort, and staff needs vary considerably.

Identifiers

PMID42332040

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.