ArticleScientific reports2026
Comprehensive evaluation of capsicum genotype-environment interactions utilizing AMMI and GGE biplot models across staggered transplanting environments.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Genotype × environment interaction (GEI) poses a major challenge to the identification of stable, high-yielding capsicum genotypes under heterogeneous agro-climatic conditions. The present study evaluated 96 diverse capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes across four staggered transplanting environments during 2022 and 2023 in the North-western Himalayas to dissect GEI for fruit yield and its component traits. Combined analysis of variance revealed highly significant (p ≤ 0.01) effects of genotype, environment, and GEI for all traits, indicating substantial genetic variability and differential environmental responses. AMMI analysis effectively partitioned interaction effects, with the first two interaction principal component axes (79-95%) explaining a large proportion of GEI for most traits. GGE biplot analysis provided clear visualization of genotype performance and stability. Genotypes G5 and G6 consistently exhibited superior marketable fruit yield with wide adaptability, while several genotypes showed specific adaptation to individual environments. The GGE biplot interpretation revealed that environment E3 was the most representative for selecting stable genotypes, while E2 demonstrated high discriminative ability among genotypes. The integrated AMMI-GGE approach facilitated the identification of promising genotypes under the evaluated environments at the study location, demonstrating its utility for stability assessment in capsicum.
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