Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42331840›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Persistence of memory: lifespan dynamics of the human antiviral antibody reactome.

Moriah M Mitchell, Tomasz Kula, Jennifer L Remmel, Siyang Xia, Ellen L Shrock, Yumei Leng, H Benjamin Larman, Yu Chen, Mikael Knip, Marianna Cortese and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Moriah M MitchellDivision of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9637-2973
Tomasz KulaDivision of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6458-9833
Jennifer L RemmelCenter for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Siyang XiaCenter for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Ellen L ShrockDivision of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Yumei LengDivision of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
H Benjamin LarmanDepartment of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7863-196X
Yu ChenDepartment of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Mikael KnipResearch Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0474-0033
Marianna CorteseDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Michael J MinaCenter for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0674-5762
Alberto AscherioDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Stephen J ElledgeDivision of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. selledge@genetics.med.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7923-6283

Funding

Technology and Computational CoreP01AI165072 · NIAID · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI SAPHIRE, ERICA OLLMANN · 2021 to 2023
$19.6M
Deconvolution and reconstruction of immune histories to enhance infectious disease prevention and vaccination strategies and optimize surveillance effortsDP5OD028145 · OD · HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI HOFMAN, ALBERT · 2019 to 2021
$1.2M
NIAID NIH HHS P01 AI165072NIH HHS DP5 OD028145United States Department of Defense | United States Army | Army Medical Command | Medical Research and Materiel Command (U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command) HT9425-23-1-0871U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) 1P01AI165072U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) DP5-OD028145
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The human antiviral antibody reactome provides a cumulative molecular record of immune exposures. Using high-resolution VirScan profiling, we compared epitope-level antibody responses across early childhood and adulthood. Infants are born with maternal IgG antibodies, but these antibodies decay rapidly and are replaced by endogenous responses to ~22 new viral exposures within three years. Pediatric antibody reactivities remain highly dynamic until about age 7 and are broad in epitope specificity but largely short-lived. In contrast, adult reactomes are remarkably stable and individualized, enabling accurate longitudinal donor identification (Immunoprint, > 99.99% accuracy). Stability varies by viral family, with Pneumoviridae and Picornaviridae persisting more robustly than Coronaviridae or Orthomyxoviridae. Across ages, immunodominant epitopes and initial binding strength predict response persistence. Longitudinal profiling highlights biological and epidemiological drivers of reactome change. This population-level, age-stratified atlas informs our understanding of immune memory and development with applications to vaccine design, surveillance, and precision public health.

Indexed as

Antibodies, ViralImmunologic MemoryAdolescentAdultChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansImmunodominant EpitopesImmunoglobulin GInfantMaleYoung AdultAntibodies, ViralImmunodominant EpitopesImmunoglobulin G

Identifiers

PMID42331840
PMCPMC13442855

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.