ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2026
Rat somatic genome editing enables ER+ breast cancer modeling.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Genetically engineered mouse models have advanced cancer research, but they fail to mimic some human diseases. Rats offer a powerful alternative for modeling human cancers that are inadequately represented in mice, yet their use has been constrained by technical barriers to genome editing. Here, we report somatic genome editing in rats and apply this approach to model estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer, which accounts for approximately 70% of human cases but remains poorly represented in mice. The resulting rat tumors reproduce hallmarks of human ER+ breast cancer, including ductal histology, hormone responsiveness, and immune microenvironment features. By contrast, identical genetic alterations in mice failed to yield ER+ tumors, underscoring critical species differences in tumorigenesis. Together, this work establishes a versatile platform for the rapid generation of clinically relevant rat tumor models, opening avenues to study tumor biology, therapeutic response, and immune interactions in cancer subtypes previously inaccessible to experimental modeling.
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