Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42330028›Full record

ArticlePloS one2026

Pan-genome and reverse vaccinology for a multi-epitope vaccine against circulating post-2022 Monkeypox virus strains.

Md Al Saber, Md Hasan Jafre Shovon, Md Imtiaz, Sadia Jannat Tauhida, Sowmitro Das, Md Mohaimenul Islam Tareq, Miss Ismoth Ara Tripty, Md Ridoy Hossain, Labib Shahriar Siam, Md Nazmul Hasan Zilani and 4 more

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Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

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No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Md Al SaberLaboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8557-7452
Md Hasan Jafre ShovonLaboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3730-8899
Md ImtiazLaboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5775-2010
Sadia Jannat TauhidaLaboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh.
Sowmitro DasLaboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh.
Md Mohaimenul Islam TareqLaboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh.
Miss Ismoth Ara TriptyLaboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh.
Md Ridoy HossainLaboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh.
Labib Shahriar SiamLaboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh.
Md Nazmul Hasan ZilaniDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh.
SaifullahLaboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-1914
S M Khaledur RahmanLaboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh.
Umama KhanLaboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh.
Md Nazmul HasanLaboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9122-1129

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSince the 2022 outbreak, the number of Monkeypox cases worldwide has been increasing at an alarming rate. As of August 2024, approximately 99,000 people have been infected with the virus. The severity of this situation is further highlighted by the World Health Organization's (WHO) classification of the Mpox virus as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) due to the increased fatality rate of approximately 3.6% in clade I.

objectivesTargeting the virus's membrane-bound, enveloped, and extracellular proteins, our goal was to computationally develop and assess a broad-spectrum multi-epitope vaccine that elicits humoral and adaptive immune responses against Monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection.

methodsDuring an outbreak, a pan-genome-based reverse vaccinology approach can offer rapid, practical solutions to enduring problems in experimental vaccine design. The method involved screening 16 monkeypox genomes to identify viral targets, from which viral proteins were selected based on their antigenicity, location, and solubility. Immunoinformatics methods and algorithms were used to extract the proteins' putative T-cell and B-cell epitopes, which were combined to form several vaccine constructions. The tertiary structure of the chimeric vaccine construct's interaction with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was thoroughly assessed using the advanced techniques of molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation.

resultsA pan-genomic analysis identified 80 core genes, which were then screened for proteins suitable for epitope-based vaccine design. From four of these selected proteins, T-cell and B-cell epitopes were extracted to create four distinct vaccine constructs. Appropriate adjuvants and linkers were incorporated into each construct to enhance its potential efficacy. Stability and immunogenicity analyses of each vaccine design yielded promising results. These findings suggest that the vaccine constructs could be effective in preventing monkeypox, warranting further experimental validation and supporting the application of similar strategies to combat other viral illnesses.

Indexed as

EpitopesGenome, ViralMonkeypox virusMpox, MonkeypoxViral VaccinesEpitopes, B-LymphocyteEpitopes, T-LymphocyteHumansImmunoinformaticsMolecular Docking SimulationProtein Subunit VaccinesReverse VaccinologyEpitopesEpitopes, B-LymphocyteEpitopes, T-LymphocyteProtein Subunit VaccinesViral Vaccines

Identifiers

PMID42330028
PMCPMC13286271

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.