ArticlePloS one2026
Test-retest reliability and sensitivity of horizontal jump inter-limb asymmetry in youth soccer players across maturity stages.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The present study examined the test-retest reliability and sensitivity of inter-limb asymmetry derived from the single-leg hop test (SLHT) across different maturity stages in young male soccer players. Sixty-four youth soccer players aged 8-16 years participated in this study and were assessed using the SLHT to quantify inter-limb asymmetry. Participants were divided into prepubertal (n = 34; age: 8.1 ± 1.4 years; body mass: 35.7 ± 3.4 kg; height: 122 ± 9 cm; maturity offset: -2.38 ± 0.83 years) and post-pubertal groups (n = 30; age: 16.5 ± 0.3 years; body mass: 39.6 ± 6.1 kg; height: 154 ± 7 cm; maturity offset: 1.17 ± 0.45 years) according to individual peak height velocity. During the SLHT, participants performed maximal horizontal hops on each leg separately, and the greatest distance achieved was recorded for analysis. Inter-limb asymmetry demonstrated good relative reliability in both groups, with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.78 and 0.92 for the prepubertal and post-pubertal groups, respectively. Absolute reliability was also acceptable, as the typical error of measurement was < 5% in both groups. Sensitivity analysis showed that the standard error of measurement (SEM) exceeded the smallest worthwhile change (SWC; 0.2 standard deviations) in the prepubertal group, indicating a marginal ability to detect small performance changes. In contrast, the SEM was lower than the SWC in the post-pubertal group, indicating good sensitivity for detecting small changes in performance. These findings indicate that SLHT-derived inter-limb asymmetry scores demonstrate acceptable reliability in youth soccer players across maturity stages, while sensitivity to detect small changes may differ between prepubertal and post-pubertal players. The results contribute to the methodological understanding of inter-limb asymmetry assessment in youth soccer and may assist practitioners and researchers in interpreting asymmetry data across different stages of maturation.
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