Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42329891›Full record

ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2026

Survey on the current status of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis clinics construction and the surveillance of rabies-exposed individuals in China, 2022.

Qian Ren, Di Mu, Hong-Rui Zhai, Si-Han Li, Shi-Jian Zhou, Jun-Yuan Chen, Ao Luo, Yun-Long Zheng, Wen-Wu Yin, Yan-Ping Zhang and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Qian RenNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine), Beijing‌‌, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7731-7936
Di MuNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine), Beijing‌‌, China.
Hong-Rui ZhaiNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine), Beijing‌‌, China.
Si-Han LiNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine), Beijing‌‌, China.
Shi-Jian ZhouNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine), Beijing‌‌, China.
Jun-Yuan ChenSchool of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning‌‌, China.
Ao LuoNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine), Beijing‌‌, China.
Yun-Long ZhengNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine), Beijing‌‌, China.
Wen-Wu YinNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine), Beijing‌‌, China.
Yan-Ping ZhangNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine), Beijing‌‌, China.
Qiu-Lan ChenNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine), Beijing‌‌, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRabies continues to pose a significant public health challenge in China. To offer a scientific foundation for formulating rabies prevention and control strategies, this study conducted a national survey to comprehend the current status of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) clinics construction and the surveillance of rabies-exposed individuals in China.

methodsThe Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CCDC) developed a national rabies prevention and control questionnaire, and conducted a survey across 31 provinces in Mainland China. The questionnaire was completed by the person in charge of rabies prevention and control in each provincial disease prevention and control institution.

resultsBy the end of 2022, 24,304 PEP clinics were reported in Mainland China. The number of PEP clinics per capita in China is 1.75 per 100,000. Nationwide, 47% of PEP clinics were capable of handling category III exposures. A total of 10,770,543 PEP clinic visits were reported. East China reported the highest number of rabies exposures (4,022,265). Among category III exposures, only 35% reported using rabies immunoglobulin (RIG). 97% of rabies exposures were attacked by dogs or cats. In South China, exposures caused by cats were nearly as frequent as those caused by dogs (47% and 48% respectively).

conclusionsThe distribution of PEP clinics across China is uneven. This pattern appears broadly consistent with the historical geographic distribution of rabies risk, which may reflect a risk-informed allocation of resources. We recommended implementing tiered prevention and control strategies, with emphasis on enhancing the stockpile of RIG, dogs and cats population management, and health education in regions with higher rabies exposure risks. In provinces with a high incidence of rabies outbreaks, it is essential to actively advocate for the inclusion of rabies vaccines and RIG in the reimbursement scope of the New Rural Cooperative Medical Insurance Scheme, and raise the reimbursement rate and limit. The "One Health" approach should be adopted, including mandatory immunization and surveillance management systems for dogs and cats.

Indexed as

Post-Exposure ProphylaxisRabiesRabies VaccinesAdolescentAnimalsCat DiseasesCatsChildChild, PreschoolChinaCross-Sectional StudiesDog DiseasesDogsEpidemiological MonitoringFemaleHealth EducationRabies Vaccines

Identifiers

PMID42329891
PMCPMC13286210

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.