ArticleBioresources and bioprocessing2026
Carob pod aqueous extract potentiates cisplatin efficacy and reduces toxicity in experimental hepatocellular carcinoma via mitochondrial and inflammatory pathway modulation.
Article in Bioresources and bioprocessing, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global health challenge with limited therapeutic options. The effectiveness of conventional medication like cisplatin is often compromised by their severe toxicity. This study investigated carob pod aqueous extract (CPAE), a polyphenol-rich natural product, as a potential adjunct therapy to enhance efficacy and mitigate cisplatin toxicity in a preclinical HCC animal model.
methodsA rat model of HCC was established using diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄). Forty-two Wistar rats were divided into seven groups, receiving various treatments: control, CPAE, vehicle, HCC only, HCC+CPAE, HCC+cisplatin, and HCC+CPAE+cisplatin. Liver and kidney function, metabolic profiles, oxidative stress/antioxidant parameters, gene and protein expression (AMPK, PGC-1α, TFAM, SIRT1, iNOS, NF-κB, IκK, p53, SREBP-2), histopathology, and statistical analyses were performed.
resultsHCC induction caused significant liver dysfunction, metabolic disturbances, oxidative stress, alongside dysregulation of AMPK/PGC-1α/TFAM and NF-κB/iNOS pathways. CPAE, alone or with cisplatin, markedly ameliorated these changes, improving liver and kidney function, restoring antioxidant status, reducing the tumor marker AFP, suppressing pro-inflammatory and oncogenic signaling, and enhancing histological architecture. Furthermore, Combination therapy demonstrated synergistic benefits, with CPAE reducing cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and enhancing its antitumor efficacy, primarily via modulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, redox balance, and inflammatory signaling.
conclusionsCPAE exhibits potent hepatoprotective and anti-HCC activity, especially when combined with cisplatin. This combination modulates mitochondrial and inflammatory pathways while mitigating cisplatin-induced toxicity. These finding position CPAE as a promising natural adjuvant for integrative HCC management. Further translational studies are warranted to validate these findings and explore clinical applicability.
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