ArticlePlant cell reports2026
Endogenous constitutive promoters with a broad range of transcriptional activities for plant synthetic biology.
Article in Plant cell reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
key messageEndogenous constitutive promoters from Nicotiana benthamiana provide quantitatively defined transcriptional strengths across multiple species, enabling reliable alternatives to the CaMV 35S promoter for plant synthetic biology. In plant synthetic biology, precise control of gene expression requires constitutive promoters with quantitatively defined transcriptional strengths. Here, we identified endogenous constitutive promoter candidates from Nicotiana benthamiana. The transcriptional activities of the selected promoters were measured using GFP-based and dual-luciferase reporter assays in plants and benchmarked against the CaMV 35S promoter, revealing substantial variation in promoter strengths. Promoter activities were further evaluated in heterologous species, including Brassica rapa, Capsicum annuum, and Zea mays, using protoplast-based dual-luciferase assays. Cross-species analyses showed that relative promoter ranking was partially retained among dicot species, whereas transcriptional activity varied substantially depending on species and was generally reduced in maize. Together, this study defines a set of endogenous constitutive promoters across a range of transcriptional strengths, providing quantitative guidance for selecting endogenous alternatives to the CaMV 35S promoter in plant biotechnology and synthetic biology applications.
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