Integrative networks regulating tomato fruit locule number through shoot apical meristem size control: bridging genetic, phytohormonal and environmental factors.

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conclusionThis review synthesizes recent advances and develops an integrative regulatory framework that links shoot apical meristem size control to tomato fruit locule number, encompassing genetic, phytohormonal, and environmental determinants. Tomato is a globally vital vegetable crop that contributes significantly to human nutrition and agricultural economies. The number of locules, a key component of fruit morphology, is a primary determinant of ultimate fruit size and shape, thereby influencing both market yield and consumer preference. This review focuses on how shoot apical meristem size control acts as a core hub that connects genetic, hormonal, and environmental cues to the regulation of tomato fruit locule number. We synthesize recent progress in understanding the molecular and physiological mechanisms behind locule determination, with a particular focus on integrative networks linking known regulators. By bridging insights from these interconnected domains, we aim to present a more holistic view of the developmental process. Furthermore, we propose avenues for future research aimed at achieving a deeper understanding of the modulation mechanisms that govern fruit locule formation and their numerical count in this vital crop.