ArticleHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2026
Exploring the availability and content of vaccinology courses across the globe: A scoping review.
Article in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mapping current vaccinology courses is critical for identifying educational gaps, refining program content, and increasing international cooperation to achieve a competent and well-coordinated global vaccination effort. This scoping review investigates the availability and content of vaccinology courses throughout the world, with a focus on Africa where there is a need for strengthened immunization systems and workforce capacity. Eight vaccinology courses, including short professional training and university certificate programs, were offered in Africa, including Morocco, Senegal, Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Ghana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. Our findings indicated that the percentages of vaccinology modules significantly vary between Africa and other continents, specifically: introduction to immunology, epidemiology, biology of pathogens, vaccine types, vaccine pharmacology, clinical research methodology, pharmacovigilance and vaccine safety, health economics, immunization programs, vaccine manufacture, the role of international organizations in vaccine development, vaccine advocacy, and vaccine cold chain management. By analyzing and comparing specific characteristics of the courses, our results also found multiple gaps and potential challenges related to target population, course objectives, method of course delivery, course contents, duration of course, training, practical sessions delivery, course costs, and funding constraints.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.