Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42328547›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026

Tongue cancer microbial biomarkers: landscape of saliva, cancer tissue, and para-carcinoma tissue.

Shuai Chen, Lei Wang, Bowen Yang, Xiaobo Dai, Chunjie Li, Bing Yan

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In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Shuai Chen *State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Lei Wang *Department of Stomatology, The Second People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, China.
Bowen YangState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Xiaobo DaiState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Chunjie LiState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Bing YanState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Oral cancer poses a significant global health challenge due to delayed intervention and a lack of effective early screening methods. About two-thirds of patients are diagnosed with advanced-stage at initial consultation. Tumor-associated bacteria are implicated in tissue carcinogenesis and have potential as diagnostic biomarkers. Methods: In this pilot study, 24 patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma were enrolled. Saliva samples were collected from all participants before treatment. Cancer and para-carcinoma tissues were surgically obtained from 20 patients. Bacterial exosomes were extracted, and 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to characterize the microbial composition of saliva, cancer, and para-carcinoma tissue. Results: The microbial composition of cancer tissues, para-carcinoma tissues, and saliva from cancer patients showed significant differences compared to healthy individuals. Specifically, Conclusion: This exploratory study identified microbial strains that are enriched in oral cancer tissues and saliva, highlighting their potential as non-invasive biomarker candidates for early detection. However, given the reliance on external healthy controls and limited sample size, these findings should be considered preliminary and require validation in future prospective studies with rigorously matched controls.

Indexed as

16S rRNA sequencingbacterial exosomesnon-invasive screeningtongue squamous cell carcinomatumor biomarkers

Identifiers

PMID42328547
PMCPMC13275251

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