ReviewJournal of education and health promotion2026
Exploring the key determinants in the use of cosmetic services and surgical procedures: A systematic review.
Review in Journal of education and health promotion, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The growing demand for cosmetic services and plastic surgery has become a global phenomenon influenced by economic, social, and cultural factors. This systematic review aims to identify and analyze the key determinants influencing individuals' decisions to undergo cosmetic interventions. This study was conducted following Preferredd Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A systematic search was conducted in major databases, including PubMed, ProQuest, Science Direct, and Magiran, using relevant Persian and English keywords between 2000 and August 30, 2023. Review articles, clinical studies, non-health system-related papers, and inaccessible texts were excluded. Depending on the study design, data were analyzed using either qualitative or quantitative content analysis, with discrepancies resolved through expert review. Out of 316 identified studies, 18 (12 in English and 6 in Persian) met the inclusion criteria. The most common cosmetic procedures included rhinoplasty, liposuction, blepharoplasty, Botox injections, and laser hair removal. The key determinants influencing individuals' decisions to undergo cosmetic interventions were categorized into three main groups: Socioeconomic Factors, Body Image Management and Psychological Traits and Cultural Influences, and Social Acceptance and Religious Beliefs. Understanding the factors influencing cosmetic surgery trends is essential for health policymakers, psychologists, and cosmetic professionals to develop effective interventions promoting mental well-being, increasing public awareness, and mitigating unrealistic expectations. Implementing pre-surgical mental health screenings and promoting realistic beauty standards may mitigate the potential negative consequences of the increasing demand for cosmetic procedures. Culturally sensitive strategies can also help redefine beauty standards and encourage the responsible use of cosmetic services.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.