ArticleResearch and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis2026
Thromboembolic ischemic stroke induces neutrophil recruitment and matrix metalloproteinase-9 release to enhance ischemic brain injury.
Article in Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Although increased levels of neutrophils and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the ischemic brain are reported in patients and experimental stroke studies the effects of neutrophils and MMP-9 on thromboembolic ischemic stroke are poorly understood. Objectives: To define the contribution of MMP-9 and neutrophils to brain injury. Blood-brain barrier breakdown (BBB) and hemorrhage after middle cerebral artery thromboembolism. Methods: Thromboembolic stroke was induced in mice to determine the contribution of neutrophils and MMP-9 to acute stroke outcomes. The effects of MMP-9 gene deletion, specific MMP-9 inhibition, and antibody-mediated neutrophil depletion were examined. Ischemic brain injury, hemorrhage, swelling, neutrophil recruitment, MMP-9 expression, BBB breakdown, and fibrin(ogen) deposition were quantified. Results and Conclusions: During thromboembolic stroke, neutrophil recruitment and MMP-9 expression significantly increased in the ischemic brain hemisphere and were localized to the intravascular, perivascular, and brain parenchymal tissue. Neutrophil depletion significantly reduced brain swelling (
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