ArticleIJID regions2026
HIV prevalence and associated factors among women in urban Ethiopia: findings from the Ethiopian Population-based HIV Impact Assessment.
Article in IJID regions, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objectives: Women remain disproportionately affected by HIV in Ethiopia and worldwide due to biological, behavioral, and socioeconomic factors. This study describes HIV prevalence and associated determinants among women in urban Ethiopia. Methods: Data were drawn from the Ethiopian Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (EPHIA), a cross-sectional household survey conducted between October 2017 and April 2018. A two-stage cluster sampling approach was used to select households. Of 12,158 eligible women aged 15-64 years, 11,599 were included in the analysis. HIV testing followed the national algorithm. Associations were assessed using adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: The overall HIV prevalence among urban women was 4.1%. The highest prevalence was observed in Gambella (8.0%), Harari (7.6%), and Dire Dawa (5.7%). Women aged 35-44 years (9.1%), widowed (15.1%), with no education (6.2%), or reporting multiple sexual partners (11.2%) had elevated prevalence. Adjusted analyses showed significantly higher odds of HIV among women aged 35-44 years (AOR 7.2; 95% CI: 3.9-13.5), those with no education (AOR 4.7; 95% CI: 2.2-10.2), widows (AOR 3.4; 95% CI: 1.6-7.0), and those who underwent genital cutting (AOR 3.4; 95% CI: 2.0-5.8). Conclusion: HIV remains a major public health challenge among urban Ethiopian women. Targeted interventions should prioritize older women, widows, and those with limited education to reduce disparities and advance national HIV control efforts.
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