ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Large-scale proteome profiling identifies circulating biomarkers for disease activity and organ involvement in ANCA-associated vasculitides.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV) are chronic, relapsing inflammatory diseases, yet reliable biomarkers for detecting relapse and organ involvement remain limited. This study aimed to identify plasma protein biomarkers that distinguish active disease from remission and to explore markers associated with lung and kidney involvement. Methods: Plasma samples from 113 patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis or microscopic polyangiitis (68 active disease and 45 remission) were profiled using a proximity extension assay targeting 181 inflammation- and cardiovascular-related proteins. Clinical data, including CRP and Birmingham vasculitis activity score (BVAS), were collected at sampling. Differential protein expression was assessed using ANOVA, with top candidates validated in independent sample cohorts (plasma samples, Results: A total of 57 proteins were differentially expressed between active disease and remission. Seven proteins (ST2, OPN, IL-2RA, CCL23, IL-6, Flt3L, and SCF) were validated in independent cohorts and showed strong associations with disease activity. Several demonstrated high discriminatory ability (AUC ≥ 0.80) between active disease and remission. Multiple proteins correlated with organ-specific BVAS scores: seven for chest involvement and 16 for kidney involvement, after adjustment for kidney function-related protein variation. Conclusion: This study identifies a robust panel of plasma proteins that differentiate active AAV from remission and correlate with global and organ-specific disease activity. These biomarkers may enhance non-invasive disease monitoring and support earlier recognition of relapse and organ involvement in AAV.
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