Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42327726›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026

scFv-based biologics in diabetes: from therapeutic potential to clinical prospects.

Shikun Ge, Luoxuan Wang, Yichen Huang, Huaizu Guo, Fuyao Wei, Pan Li, Siyuan Li, Qian Liu, Jin Xu, Yilei Xiao and 2 more

Erratum issuedAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Shikun Ge *Shandong Key Laboratory of Applied Technology for Protein and Peptide Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Food Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
Luoxuan Wang *Shandong Key Laboratory of Applied Technology for Protein and Peptide Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Food Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
Yichen Huang *Shandong Key Laboratory of Applied Technology for Protein and Peptide Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Food Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
Huaizu GuoState Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drugs and Large-scale Preparation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Food Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
Fuyao WeiShandong Key Laboratory of Applied Technology for Protein and Peptide Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Food Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
Pan LiState Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drugs and Large-scale Preparation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Food Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
Siyuan LiShandong Key Laboratory of Applied Technology for Protein and Peptide Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Food Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
Qian LiuShandong Key Laboratory of Applied Technology for Protein and Peptide Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Food Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
Jin XuState Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drugs and Large-scale Preparation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
Yilei XiaoDepartment of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, Shangdong, China.
Alberto Carlos Piress DiasDepartment of Biology, Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
Lusha JiState Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drugs and Large-scale Preparation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Food Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The global epidemic of diabetes mellitus the limitations of current therapies-including waning efficacy, adverse effects, and inability to modify disease progression-have accelerated the shift from conventional pharmacotherapy toward biologic agents. This review examines the emergence of single-chain variable fragments (scFv) as a versatile and engineerable class of biotherapeutics for precision diabetes management. Distinguished from full-length monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) by their compact size, enhanced tissue penetration, and modular design, scFv enable precise targeting of both autoimmune and metabolic pathways underlying type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. We summarize advances in scFv applications spanning immunomodulation (e.g., via CTLA-4 and PD-1) and metabolic regulation (e.g., through insulin-degrading enzyme and GLP-1 receptor). Furthermore, we highlight the unique value of avian-derived scFv in recognizing conserved epitopes and overcoming immune tolerance, along with engineering strategies-such as Fc fusion, PEGylation, and multispecific formatting-that enhance pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy. The clinical success of antibodies like Teplizumab underscores the translational potential of antibody-based platforms. Looking forward, scFv-based biologics, particularly when integrated with humanized Fc domains and half-life extension technologies, offer a promising and customizable strategy for next-generation diabetes therapy, bridging innovative drug design with clinically meaningful metabolic and immune modulation.

Indexed as

Biological ProductsDiabetes MellitusDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Single-Chain AntibodiesAnimalsHumansBiological ProductsSingle-Chain Antibodiesavian-derived antibodiesdiabetes mellitusprecision medicinesingle-chain variable fragment (ScFv)therapeutic antibodies

Identifiers

PMID42327726
PMCPMC13275695

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.