ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026
Reprogramming adoptive cell therapy for osteosarcoma: engineering, vaccination, and tumor microenvironment remodeling.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Cbx3a/HP1γ Deficiency Disrupts Meiotic Progression and Triggers Germ Cell Apoptosis in Nile Tilapia.Biomolecules · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
Osteosarcoma remains a major treatment challenge, especially for patients with recurrent, refractory or metastatic diseases. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT), including CAR-T cells, TCR engineered T cells, CAR-NK cells and macrophage based cell therapy, provides a promising strategy for redirecting immune effector cells to fight osteosarcoma. However, clinical translation has been limited by antigen heterogeneity, on-target/off-tumor toxicity, insufficient tumor trafficking, poor persistence, functional exhaustion, and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. This mini review discusses emerging innovations designed to overcome these safety and efficacy barriers. First, engineering strategies such as multi-antigen recognition, logic-gated CAR systems, suicide switches, transient CAR expression, armored cytokine circuits, checkpoint-resistant designs, and chemokine receptor modification may improve precision, controllability, and durability. Second, vaccination approaches may serve as programmable amplifiers of ACT by promoting
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