Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42327369›Full record

ReviewBrain communications2026

Psychiatric and behavioural sequelae following encephalitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Cameron J Watson, Jack B Fanshawe, Danish Hafeez, Katharine Lynch-Kelly, James Marsh, Yasmin Abdat, Hamish Hamilton, Dory A Ghanem, Wafaa Mowlabaccus, Brendan F Sargent and 10 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Brain communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Cameron J WatsonSocial Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2346-4636
Jack B FanshaweDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK.
Danish HafeezSouth London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 8AZ, UK.
Katharine Lynch-KellySouth London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 8AZ, UK.
James MarshRoyal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK.
Yasmin AbdatDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK.
Hamish HamiltonSouth London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 8AZ, UK.
Dory A GhanemNewcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK.
Wafaa MowlabaccusDykebar Hospital, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Paisley, PA2 7DE, UK.
Brendan F SargentDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK.
Hamilton MorrinSouth London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 8AZ, UK.
Ella BurchillDivision of Psychiatry, University College London, London, W1T 7NF, UK.
Cerian JacksonLiverpool Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Centre (LINC), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L9 7AL, UK.
Stephen McKeeverLiverpool Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Centre (LINC), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L9 7AL, UK.
Belinda R LennoxDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK.
Adam E HandelOxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8385-6346
Benedict D MichaelLiverpool Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Centre (LINC), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L9 7AL, UK.
Ava EastonClinical Infection, Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, CH64 7TE, UK.
Matthew ButlerSouth London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 8AZ, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9734-6539
Thomas A PollakSouth London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 8AZ, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6171-0810

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Survivors of encephalitis frequently experience chronic neuropsychiatric sequelae, yet the prevalence and patterns of mental health outcomes remain poorly characterized. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the prevalence of psychiatric and behavioural symptoms following encephalitis. We also aimed to compare infectious with autoimmune encephalitis, explore specific aetiological associations as well as age-related differences. Following PRISMA guidelines, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and PubMed were searched through 13 December 2024. Observational studies reporting psychiatric outcomes ≥3 months post-encephalitis were included. Two reviewers independently screened titles/abstracts and extracted data on symptom prevalence, study design, aetiology, and demographics. Random-effects meta-analyses estimated pooled prevalence of depression, anxiety, disinhibition, emotional instability, and other neuropsychiatric domains. Subgroup analyses compared infectious versus autoimmune causes and paediatric versus adult cohorts. Meta-regression assessed the influence of follow-up duration, sex percentage and cohort age. One hundred one studies (

Indexed as

encephalitismental healthmeta-analysisoutcomepsychiatry

Identifiers

PMID42327369
PMCPMC13276490

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.