ArticleACS measurement science au2026
Fully 3D-Printed Analytical Device Based on a Novel Floating Electrode Mechanism for Sweat Rate Acquisition.
Article in ACS measurement science au, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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7 authors.
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Abstract
We present herein a unique analytical methodology based on a one-step, three-dimensional printed sensing device for measuring sweat rate noninvasively, which allows for the assessment of hydration levels. It comprises a multilayered construction, and diverse designs are investigated, with the printing components consisting of conductive (CB-PLA) and nonconductive polylactic acid (PLA) printable materials. A prominent aspect is the integration of what is termed here as "floating electrodes", which advantageously modify the overall impedance of the device during sweat flow measurements. To rationalize the mechanism behind this, multiple sensor configurations, including two-, four-, six-, eight-, or multilayer structures, were thoroughly examined. Although multilayer configurations demonstrated the potential to enhance the overall capacity and sensing area, multiplying the number of electrodes in the device effectively resulted in a higher frequency of impedance variations while providing additional sweat rate data points from a single device. In off-body testing, the optimal system (based on four electrodes) exhibits a calibration range of 1-10 μL min
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